Method and apparatus for processing transaction requests

ABSTRACT

A method for processing a transaction request, implementable by a first transaction node, may comprise: acquiring transaction data of a target transaction, wherein the first transaction node participates in the target transaction; determining, according to the transaction data, a transaction abstract after a plurality of transaction nodes each sign a data abstract of the transaction data, wherein the transaction nodes comprise at least the first transaction node and one or more second transaction nodes; generating a transaction request that comprises the transaction abstract; and broadcasting the transaction request to one or more consensus nodes, causing the consensus nodes to each save the transaction abstract in the transaction request into a blockchain after the transaction abstract passes consensus verification, the consensus nodes being blockchain nodes, wherein the transaction nodes and the consensus nodes are blockchain nodes of a blockchain network.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is based on and claims priority to the ChineseApplication No. 201710190507.1, filed Mar. 28, 2017, the entire contentsof which are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present application relates to the field of informationtechnologies, and in particular, to methods and systems for processingtransaction requests.

BACKGROUND

The blockchain network, also known as the distributed ledger network, ischaracterized by decentralization, openness, and transparency. Ablockchain network comprises blockchain nodes each capable of initiatinga transaction request and participating in consensus verification on atransaction request. All blockchain nodes are synchronized with theblockchain.

An existing method to process a transaction request is as follows: withrespect to a transaction, a blockchain node that participates in thistransaction broadcasts a transaction request for this transaction to allconsensus nodes (blockchain nodes in charge of consensus verification)in the blockchain network, the transaction request comprisingtransaction data of this transaction. The transaction data is saved intothe blockchain after the transaction data passes consensus verificationby all the consensus nodes.

However, since all the consensus nodes can synchronize with theblockchain to obtain transaction data of each transaction stored on theblockchain, it easily leads to leakage of the privacy of some blockchainnodes participating in transactions and that is comprised in thetransaction data. Moreover, even if the transaction data stored on ablockchain are encrypted, there is still a risk that the encryptedtransaction data can be decrypted.

Therefore, there is a need to solve the technical problem of how todesign a method for verifying a transaction request, such that there isno risk for privacy breach of a blockchain node participating in thetransaction.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present application provide methods and systems forprocessing transaction requests to solve the privacy breach problem ofthe existing method to process transaction requests.

According to one aspect, a method for processing a transaction requestimplementable by a first transaction node may comprise: acquiringtransaction data of a target transaction, wherein the first transactionnode participates in the target transaction; determining, according tothe transaction data, a transaction abstract after a plurality oftransaction nodes each sign a data abstract of the transaction data,wherein the transaction nodes comprise at least the first transactionnode and one or more second transaction nodes; generating a transactionrequest that comprises the transaction abstract; and broadcasting thetransaction request to one or more consensus nodes, causing theconsensus nodes to each save the transaction abstract in the transactionrequest into a blockchain after the transaction abstract passesconsensus verification, the consensus nodes being blockchain nodes,wherein the transaction nodes and the consensus nodes are blockchainnodes of a blockchain network. The one or more transaction nodes may ormay not comprise the first transaction node. The consensus nodes and theone or more transaction nodes may or may not overlap.

According to another aspect, an apparatus for processing a transactionrequest may comprise: an acquiring module configured to acquiretransaction data of a target transaction; a determining moduleconfigured to determine, according to the transaction data, atransaction abstract, the transaction abstract being obtained after alltransaction nodes sign a data abstract of the transaction data, thetransaction nodes being blockchain nodes that participate in the targettransaction, and the apparatus being one of the transaction nodes; agenerating module configured to generate a transaction request thatcomprises the transaction data and the transaction abstract; and abroadcasting module configured to broadcast the transaction request toall consensus nodes, such that all the consensus nodes save thetransaction abstract in the transaction request into a blockchain afterthe transaction abstract passes consensus verification.

According to another aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable storagemedium may store instructions that, when executed by a processor of afirst transaction node, cause the processor to perform a method forprocessing a transaction request. The method may comprise: acquiringtransaction data of a target transaction, wherein the first transactionnode participates in the target transaction; determining, according tothe transaction data, a transaction abstract after a plurality oftransaction nodes each sign a data abstract of the transaction data,wherein the transaction nodes comprise at least the first transactionnode and one or more second transaction nodes; generating a transactionrequest that comprises the transaction abstract; and broadcasting thetransaction request to one or more consensus nodes, causing theconsensus nodes to each save the transaction abstract in the transactionrequest into a blockchain after the transaction abstract passesconsensus verification, the consensus nodes being blockchain nodes,wherein the transaction nodes and the consensus nodes are blockchainnodes of a blockchain network.

According to another aspect, an apparatus, implementable as a firsttransaction node, may comprise a processor and a non-transitory computerreadable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by theprocessor, cause the apparatus to perform a method for processing atransaction request. The method may comprise: acquiring transaction dataof a target transaction, wherein the first transaction node participatesin the target transaction; determining, according to the transactiondata, a transaction abstract after a plurality of transaction nodes eachsign a data abstract of the transaction data, wherein the transactionnodes comprise at least the first transaction node and one or moresecond transaction nodes; generating a transaction request thatcomprises the transaction abstract; and broadcasting the transactionrequest to one or more consensus nodes, causing the consensus nodes toeach save the transaction abstract in the transaction request into ablockchain after the transaction abstract passes consensus verification,the consensus nodes being blockchain nodes, wherein the transactionnodes and the consensus nodes are blockchain nodes of a blockchainnetwork.

According to another aspect, a method for processing a transactionrequest, implementable by a first transaction node, may comprise:acquiring transaction data of a target transaction, the firsttransaction node being a blockchain node that participates in the targettransaction; generating a data abstract based at least on thetransaction data; transmitting the data abstract to one or more secondtransaction nodes, wherein a plurality of transaction nodes comprise atleast the first transaction node and the second transaction nodes;obtaining a transaction abstract based at least on each of thetransaction nodes signing the data abstract; generating a transactionrequest comprising the transaction abstract; and broadcasting thetransaction request to one or more consensus nodes, causing the one ormore consensus nodes to each verify the transaction abstract in thetransaction request, wherein the transaction nodes and the consensusnodes are blockchain nodes of a blockchain network.

In some embodiments, the first transaction node and the one or moresecond transaction nodes may form all transaction nodes participating inthe target transaction, and the transaction data may not be transmittedto the consensus nodes and not saved into a blockchain associated withthe target transaction.

In some embodiments, the transaction data of the target transaction maycomprise at least one of a subject matter of a transaction associatedwith the target transaction, detailed information of the subject matter,an account address of a subject that participates in the targettransaction, or ID information of the subject that participates in thetarget transaction.

In some embodiments, signing the data abstract may comprise digitallygranting a verification of the data abstract, and obtaining thetransaction abstract based at least on each of the first transactionnode and the one or more second transaction nodes signing and returningthe data abstract may comprise obtaining the transaction abstract basedat least on each of the first transaction node the one or more secondtransaction nodes each signing the data abstract in a preset order.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a transactionrequest broadcast by a transaction node to all consensus nodes comprisesa transaction abstract, but the transaction request does not comprisetransaction data. As a result, when the transaction request passesconsensus verification, the consensus nodes will not save transactiondata into a blockchain, and there will be no risk for the privacy of thetransaction nodes to be leaked. At the same time, the transactionabstract is obtained after all transaction nodes sign the data abstractof the transaction data. As a result, even when there is no transactiondata stored in the blockchain, the authenticity of the transactionrequest can still be proved through the data abstract recognized by alltransaction nodes, such that none of the transaction nodes can deny thetarget transaction corresponding to the transaction request.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To more clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments ofthe present disclosure, the accompanying drawings illustrating theembodiments or the prior art will be described briefly as follows.Apparently, the accompanying drawings in the following description aremerely exemplary. To a person skilled in the art, other drawings may befurther obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for processing a transaction requestaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of nodes in a typical blockchain networkaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of nodes in a special blockchain networkaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 3a-c are schematic diagrams of a method for processing atransaction request according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for processing atransaction request according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods andapparatuses for processing a transaction request.

To enable a person skilled in the art to better understand the technicalsolutions in the present disclosure, the technical solutions in thepresent disclosure will be clearly and completely described withreference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the presentapplication. Apparently, the described embodiments are merely some,rather than all, of the embodiments of the present disclosure. All otherembodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventiveeffort and on the basis of the embodiments of the present disclosureshall be encompassed by the present disclosure.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for processing a transaction requestaccording to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The method maybe implemented by a plurality of transaction nodes (or simply “nodes”).A person of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that thetransaction node may refer to a computing device (e.g., a computer, aserver, etc.). When many such computing devices couple to each other(e.g., via a local network or the Internet), they can form a network ofconnected nodes. The method may comprise the following steps:

S101: acquiring transaction data of a target transaction.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a target transaction may beone of a variety of transactions that a blockchain may be involved with.Transaction data of the target transaction may comprise a subject matterof a transaction associated with the target transaction, detailedinformation of the subject matter, an account address of a subject thatparticipates in the target transaction, ID information of the subjectthat participates in the target transaction, etc. Any data associatedwith the target transaction could be the transaction data. Thetransaction data may comprise privacy information of blockchain nodesthat participate in the target transaction.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a transaction node is ablockchain node that participates in the target transaction, and thefirst transaction node and the second transaction node below are bothblockchain nodes that participate in the target transaction.

In one example, with respect to a target transaction, a transaction nodeneeds to be designated from all transaction nodes that participate inthe target transaction to broadcast a transaction request for the targettransaction to all consensus nodes for the consensus nodes to performconsensus verification. The transaction node that broadcasts atransaction request can be designated through consultation by alltransaction nodes, or may be arbitrarily designated. The firsttransaction node in the present disclosure is a transaction node incharge of broadcasting the transaction request to all consensus nodes,and the second transaction node below is a transaction node other thanthe first transaction node.

At the same time, there is at least one transaction node that initiatesthe target transaction among all transaction nodes participating in thetarget transaction. The transaction node that initiates the targettransaction determines transaction data of the target transaction andgenerates a data abstract of the transaction data according to thetransaction data. The first transaction node may either integrate thefunctions of initiating the target transaction and broadcasting thetransaction request (being both a transaction node that initiates thetarget transaction and a transaction node that broadcasts thetransaction request), or be only responsible for broadcasting thetransaction request (being a transaction node that only broadcasts thetransaction request, while the second transaction node initiates thetarget transaction).

In a typical blockchain network, moreover, each blockchain node may actboth as a transaction node to participate in the target transaction, andas a consensus node to simultaneously participate in consensusverification on the transaction request. FIG. 2a is a schematic diagramof nodes in a typical blockchain network according to some embodimentsof the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2a , transaction nodes thatparticipate in the target transaction are the node 1 and node 2 that areshaded, while the node 3, node 4, and node 5 that are not shaded do notparticipate in the target transaction. The node 1, node 2, node 3, node4, and node 5 all act as consensus nodes to participate in consensusverification.

In some special blockchain networks (e.g., a blockchain networkincluding a consensus sub-network and a non-consensus sub-network),although each blockchain node may act as a transaction node toparticipate in the target transaction, not every blockchain node may actas a consensus node to participate in consensus verification. FIG. 2b isa schematic diagram of nodes in a special blockchain network. As shownin FIG. 2b , the blockchain network is divided into a consensussub-network and a non-consensus sub-network. The node 1, node 2, andnode 3 are transaction nodes. At the same time, the node 1 and node 2are blockchain nodes in the non-consensus sub-network, and the node 3,node 4, and node 5 are blockchain nodes in the consensus sub-network.The consensus verification on a target transaction that the node 1, node2, and node 3 participate in is carried out by the node 3, node 4, andnode 5.

Therefore, the first transaction node may be either simultaneously aconsensus node or not a consensus node. In an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, the first transaction node is at least a transaction nodethat can broadcast a transaction request of a target transaction. Thefirst transaction node may either be a transaction node that integratesfunctions such as initiating a target transaction, broadcasting atransaction request, and performing consensus verification, or furtherbe a transaction node that integrates functions such as broadcasting atransaction request and performing consensus verification, which is notlimited in the present disclosure.

S102: determining a transaction abstract according to the transactiondata, after a plurality of transaction nodes each sign a data abstractof the transaction data. The transaction nodes may comprise at least thefirst transaction node and one or more second transaction nodes.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transaction abstract isobtained after all transaction nodes sign (digital signature) a dataabstract of the transaction data, wherein the data abstract of thetransaction data is generated by the transaction node that initiates thetarget transaction according to the transaction data, and moreover,plaintext transaction data cannot be obtained reversely according to thedata abstract. On the other hand, even when the transaction data has asmall change, the data abstract generated according to the changedtransaction data will also change. The data abstract of the transactiondata may be generated according to a one-way hash function, or may begenerated according to other functions, as long as such the transactiondata cannot be obtained reversely through the data abstract.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, all transaction nodes cansign the data abstract to obtain a certificate abstract. The firstabstract, the second abstract, the third abstract, and the abstractobtained after a plurality of transaction nodes sign the data abstractdescribed below are all certificate abstracts. Certificate abstract is acertificate of authenticity of a data abstract recognized by a signingtransaction node.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transaction abstract isa final certificate abstract obtained after all transaction nodes signthe data abstract of the transaction data. In an embodiment of thepresent disclosure, all transaction nodes, including the firsttransaction node and the second transaction node, need to state thatthey recognize the authenticity of the data abstract by means ofsignature. In such a way, the authenticity of the transaction data ofthe target transaction can be verified by all transaction nodes beforeall transaction nodes perform consensus verification on the targettransaction.

In some embodiments, to sign a data abstract (digital signature) is infact to change the character structure of the data abstract, such thatthe signed data abstract changes to a new character string and become acertificate abstract. Moreover, if the certificate abstract is furthersigned by other nodes, the character structure of the certificateabstract is further changed to become a new certificate abstract. Forexample, a data abstract signed by 5 transaction nodes and a dataabstract signed by 4 transaction nodes are completely different.Moreover, when 5 transaction nodes sign a data abstract, differenttransaction abstracts will be obtained if the order in which these 5transaction nodes sign is different.

As such, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, a transactionabstract is obtained after a data abstract of the transaction data issigned by all transaction nodes. The obtained transaction abstract canundoubtedly indicate that all transaction nodes recognize thetransaction data and the data abstract, i.e., recognize the authenticityof the target transaction. For example, there are 4 transaction nodesthat participate in the target transaction, only 3 transaction nodessign the data abstract, and the obtained abstract is different from atransaction abstract obtained after all 4 transaction nodes sign thedata abstract due to the lack of a signature by the last transactionnode. Therefore, it shows that the target transaction has not beenrecognized by all transaction nodes and is not reliable.

Moreover, if one of the transaction nodes does not recognize theauthenticity of transaction data and a data abstract and refuses to signthe data abstract, the first transaction node is unable to determine thetransaction abstract and will not broadcast a transaction requestcomprising a transaction abstract to all consensus nodes, which means afailure to initiate a target transaction. In a special case, if thefirst transaction node acts maliciously by still generating, despitethat a transaction node refuses to sign the data abstract, a faketransaction abstract according to the obtained abstract (the abstractthat lacks a signature from the refusing transaction node) andbroadcasting the fake transaction abstract to all consensus nodes, theinterest of the transaction node that refuses to sign will not bedamaged even if the fake transaction abstract is saved into ablockchain. This is because the fake transaction abstract is acertificate abstract not signed by the transaction node that refuses tosign and cannot be used as a certificate of a statement that thetransaction node that refuses to sign recognizes the target transaction.Therefore, requiring multiple signatures on a data abstract not only canprevent a malicious node from making up transaction data, but also canprevent a malicious node from intentionally damaging interests of otherblockchain nodes (a blockchain node does not need to be responsible fora target transaction corresponding to a data abstract that theblockchain node did not sign).

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, transaction data is notbroadcast to all consensus nodes for consensus verification. Instead, atransaction abstract may be broadcast to all consensus nodes forconsensus verification and the consensus nodes may save the transactionabstract into a blockchain, which can ensure that the target transactioncorresponding to the transaction abstract in the blockchain isauthentic.

In view of the above, in some embodiments of the present disclosure,transaction data is not broadcast to all consensus nodes for consensusverification, and thus there will be no risk of privacy leakage as thetransaction data will not be saved into a blockchain. If transactiondata is merely not sent to consensus nodes such that the consensus nodescannot verify authenticity of a target transaction, a transaction nodethat initiates the target transaction cannot be prevented from actingmaliciously, making up false transactions, and damaging interests ofother blockchain nodes.

To this end, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, alltransaction nodes that participate in a target transaction are requiredto sign a data abstract of transaction data (multiple digitalsignature). This is equivalent to transferring the job of verifyingwhether the target transaction is authentic to all transaction nodesthat participate in the target transaction to complete. In such a way,there is no need to have consensus nodes that verify the authenticity ofa transaction request. Naturally, there is no need to obtain transactiondata of the target transaction, and the target transaction recorded onthe blockchain is also authentic (since a certificate abstract signed byall transaction nodes is saved onto the blockchain).

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is a variety ofmanners in which multiple digital signatures are performed on the dataabstract, such as a solution of broadcasting multiple digitalsignatures, a solution of ordered multiple digital signatures, etc.

Here, the solution of broadcasting multiple digital signatures may referto that a transaction node that initiates a target transaction sends adata abstract to other transaction nodes, respectively; when alltransaction nodes do not object to and sign the data abstract, and thetransaction abstract can be obtained by collecting the data abstractssigned by each transaction node (including the abstract obtained aftersigning by transaction node itself on the data abstract) and combinedaccording to a specific algorithm.

The solution of ordered multiple digital signatures means that atransaction node that initiates a target transaction generates the dataabstract, then all transaction nodes sign the data abstract in an agreedorder, and the transaction node that is the last to sign or anotherselected transaction node determines the generated transaction abstract.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the target transactionis initiated by the first transaction node, the first transaction nodecan generate the data abstract according to the transaction data; sendthe data abstract to all second transaction nodes and to cause all thesecond transaction nodes to sign the data abstract; acquire the abstractafter all the second transaction nodes sign the data abstract; determinethe transaction abstract according to the acquired signed data abstract,wherein the second transaction nodes may be transaction nodes other thanthe first transaction node in all transaction nodes.

For example, when the target transaction is initiated by the firsttransaction node, the solution of broadcasting multiple digitalsignatures can be used, wherein the first transaction node generates thedata abstract according to the transaction data and signs the dataabstract to obtain a third abstract, sends the third abstract to allsecond transaction nodes for signature, respectively, then combinesabstracts generated after all the second transaction nodes sign thethird abstract, and determines the transaction abstract; similarly, whenthe solution of broadcasting multiple digital signatures is used, thefirst transaction node can first send the data abstract to all secondtransaction nodes, respectively, then sign the data abstract to obtain athird abstract, and lastly combine abstracts generated after all thesecond transaction nodes sign the data abstract and the third abstractto obtain the transaction abstract.

In some embodiments, when the target transaction is initiated by thefirst transaction node, the solution of ordered multiple digitalsignatures may also be used, which will not be repeated.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the target transactionis initiated by any second transaction node, the first transaction nodecan receive the data abstract sent by the second transaction node thatinitiates the target transaction, and after verifying the data abstractto be correct, can sign the data abstract to obtain a first abstract;upon receiving second abstracts obtained after all the secondtransaction nodes sign the data abstract, determine the transactionabstract according to the first abstract and the second abstracts.

In summary, the present disclosure does not limit the method with whichthe first transaction node determines the transaction abstract accordingto transaction data. The first transaction node, as a transaction nodethat initiates a target transaction and broadcasts a transactionrequest, may determine a transaction abstract in a variety of multiplesignature solutions, or merely as a transaction node that broadcasts atransaction request, may obtain a transaction abstract.

S103: generating a transaction request that comprises the transactiondata and the transaction abstract.

S104: broadcasting the transaction request to one or more consensusnodes, causing the consensus nodes to each save the transaction abstractin the transaction request into a blockchain after the transactionabstract passes consensus verification. The transaction nodes and theconsensus nodes are blockchain nodes of a blockchain network.

In some embodiments, the transaction request broadcast by the firsttransaction node to all consensus nodes comprises the transactionabstract, but does not comprise transaction data.

In some embodiments, after the consensus verification on a transactionabstract in the transaction request is passed, each consensus node mayonly save the transaction abstract into the blockchain and does not savetransaction data into the blockchain. In an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, each consensus node may just need to verify the validity ofthe transaction abstract comprised in the transaction request, e.g., byusing a public key provided by each transaction node to attemptdecryption of the transaction abstract. If the decryption is successful,it shows that the transaction abstract is indeed obtained after alltransaction nodes sign the data abstract of the transaction data, andalso shows that the target transaction corresponding to the transactionrequest has been unanimously recognized by all transaction nodes and isauthentic. The public key provided by each transaction node could beeither provided by each transaction node to a consensus node in advance,or sent to a consensus node together with the transaction request sentby the first transaction node to the consensus node.

For a target transaction, as long as a blockchain stores a transactionabstract determined according to the transaction data of the targettransaction, it can show that the target transaction is authentic, andthere is no need for all the consensus nodes to perform consensusverification on the transaction data of the target transaction.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transaction request notonly can comprise the transaction abstract, but also can comprise anasset number of an asset that the target transaction relates to. Inaddition to performing validity verification on the transactionabstract, each consensus node can carry out verification in thefollowing two aspects according to the received asset number: 1.determining whether the asset is repeatedly spent; and 2. verifyingwhether the asset is fraudulently used, which is to determine assetnumbers of assets owned by all transaction nodes, respectively,according to the public key of each transaction node, and then todetermine whether there is at least one asset number, among the assetnumbers of assets that the target asset relates to, that is not an assetnumber of an asset owned by the transaction nodes. If yes, it shows thata transaction node in the target transaction fraudulently uses an assetnumber of a non-transaction node.

In such a situation, the transaction abstract is saved into theblockchain only when it is confirmed that the transaction abstract isvalid and there is no repeated spending of assets or fraudulent use ofan asset number. Since the asset number does not relate to privacy of atransaction node, a consensus node can be tasked to carry out theverification of whether there is repeated spending of assets orfraudulent use of an asset number.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first transaction nodemay further save the transaction data into a private databasecorresponding to itself.

Furthermore, when the target transaction is initiated by the firsttransaction node, the first transaction node can further send thetransaction data to each second transaction node, and each secondtransaction node can also save the transaction data into a privatedatabase corresponding to itself.

In some embodiments, each transaction node can also save the dataabstract into its own private database, which is not limited by thepresent disclosure.

Transaction data can reflect the whole picture of a target transaction.To prevent disputes among the transaction nodes regarding the targettransaction, and to allow all the transaction nodes to query, at anytime, transaction data of the target transaction that they participatein, and each transaction node can save transaction data on its own. Atleast one transaction node saves the transaction data to ensure that thetransaction node is not lost.

In this way, provided that all transaction nodes trust a transactionabstract stored on a blockchain, the transaction data stated by eachtransaction node can be verified. Namely, a multiple signature solutionthat is the same as the one used previously when a target transaction isinitiated can be used to obtain multiple signatures on transaction datastated by a transaction node to determine if a transaction abstractstored on a blockchain can be obtained.

In other words, the transaction data stored by each transaction node onits own can be arbitrarily changed by each transaction node. Assumingthat the transaction data stored by all the transaction nodes are notconsistent (some transaction nodes act maliciously), each transactionnode can, according to the to-be-verified transaction data stated by atransaction node (which may be made up by the transaction node itself),re-obtain a to-be-verified transaction abstract corresponding to theto-be-verified transaction data using the multiple digital signaturesolution used before. If the to-be-verified transaction abstract is thesame as the transaction abstract stored in the blockchain, thetransaction node does not act maliciously; otherwise, the transactionnode may act maliciously.

FIGS. 3a-c are schematic diagrams of a method for processing atransaction request according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure. As shown in FIGS. 3a -c, the blockchain network comprisesblockchain nodes 1-10, wherein the shaded blockchain nodes 1-6 aretransaction nodes, and the blockchain nodes 1-3 and 7-10 are consensusnodes. The transaction node 1 is a transaction node that initiates atarget transaction, as well as a transaction node that broadcasts atransaction request. As shown in FIG. 3a , the transaction node 1acquires transaction data and generates a data abstract according to thetransaction data, and subsequently sends the transaction data and thedata abstract to the transaction nodes 2-6, such that they sign the dataabstract, respectively. As shown in FIG. 3b , the transaction nodes 2-6can store the transaction data into their own private databases, andreturn, after the data abstract and the transaction data are verified tobe correct, the abstract obtained after the data abstract is signed tothe transaction node 1. On one hand, the transaction node 1 saves thetransaction data into the blockchain nodes; on the other hand, thetransaction node 1 signs the data abstract itself, and at last,determines a transaction abstract according to the received abstractsfrom other transaction nodes and the abstract obtained after it signsthe data abstract itself. As shown in FIG. 3c , after determining thetransaction abstract, the transaction node 1 generates a data requestthat comprises the transaction abstract and broadcasts it to eachconsensus node for consensus verification. If the data request passesthe verification, each consensus node saves the transaction abstractinto the blockchain.

The method for processing a transaction request shown in FIGS. 3a-c isjust an exemplary implementation of the technical solution of thepresent disclosure. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, whetherthe first transaction node is a node that initiates a target transactionis not limited, whether each transaction node is a consensus node is notlimited, and what multiple digital signature solution is used and whatalgorithm is used to combine the abstract obtained after all transactionnodes sign the data abstract into a transaction abstract are notlimited, either.

By the method for processing a transaction request shown in FIG. 1, atransaction request broadcast by a transaction node to all consensusnodes comprises a transaction abstract, but the transaction request doesnot comprise transaction data. As a result, when the transaction requestpasses consensus verification, the consensus nodes will not savetransaction data into a blockchain, and there will be no risk for theprivacy of the transaction nodes to be leaked. At the same time, thetransaction abstract is obtained after all transaction nodes sign thedata abstract of the transaction data. As a result, even when there isno transaction data stored in the blockchain, the authenticity of thetransaction request can still be proved through the data abstractrecognized by all transaction nodes, such that none of the transactionnodes can deny the target transaction corresponding to the transactionrequest.

In some blockchain application scenarios, moreover, some monitoringmechanisms need to be introduced into a blockchain network as monitoringnodes. The certificate abstracts corresponding to target transactionsand stored in a blockchain have multiple digital signatures, and canfacilitate a monitoring node to learn which transaction nodesparticipate in a target transaction and whether a target transaction hasbeen unanimously recognized by all transaction nodes that participate inthis target transaction.

On the basis of the method for processing a transaction request shown inFIG. 1, an embodiment of the present disclosure further correspondinglyprovides an apparatus 400 for processing a transaction request, as shownin FIG. 4. The apparatus 400 may be implemented as software, hardware,or a combination of both. In one example, the apparatus 400 may comprisea processor and a memory coupled together. The memory may benon-transitory and computer-readable and may store instructions that,when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus 400 to performvarious steps and methods described herein. The instructions may beimplemented as various modules, comprising:

an acquiring module 401 configured to acquire transaction data of atarget transaction;

a determining module 402 configured to determine, according to thetransaction data, a transaction abstract, the transaction abstract beingobtained after all transaction nodes sign a data abstract of thetransaction data, the transaction nodes being blockchain nodes thatparticipate in the target transaction, and the apparatus being one ofthe transaction nodes;

a generating module 403 configured to generate a transaction requestthat comprises the transaction data and the transaction abstract; and

a broadcasting module 404 configured to broadcast the transactionrequest to all consensus nodes, such that all the consensus nodes savethe transaction abstract in the transaction request into a blockchainafter the transaction abstract passes consensus verification.

In some embodiments, with respect to the determining module 402, whenthe target transaction is initiated by the apparatus, the apparatus 400generates the data abstract according to the transaction data; sends thedata abstract to all second transaction nodes, such that all the secondtransaction nodes sign the data abstract; acquires the data abstractafter all the second transaction nodes sign the data abstract; anddetermines the transaction abstract according to the acquired signeddata abstract.

In some embodiments, when the target transaction is initiated by anysecond transaction node, the determining module 402 receives the dataabstract; verifies the data abstract according to the transaction data;signs, if the data abstract passes the verification, the data abstractto obtain a first abstract; and upon receiving second abstracts obtainedafter all the second transaction nodes sign the data abstract,determines the transaction abstract according to the first abstract andthe second abstracts.

The apparatus 400 may further comprise: a saving module 405 configuredto save the transaction data into a private database corresponding tothe apparatus.

The apparatus 400 may further comprise: a sending module 406 configuredto send, when the target transaction is initiated by the apparatus, thetransaction data to all second transaction nodes, such that each secondtransaction node saves the transaction data into a private databasecorresponding to the second transaction node.

In the 1990s, an improvement to a technology could be differentiatedinto a hardware improvement (e.g. an improvement to a circuit structure,such as a diode, a transistor, a switch, and the like) or a softwareimprovement (an improvement to a flow of a method). Along with thetechnological development, however, many current improvements to methodflows can be deemed as direct improvements to hardware circuitstructures. Designers can obtain a corresponding hardware circuitstructure by programming an improved method flow into a hardwarecircuit. Therefore, an improvement to a method flow can be realized byhardware implementation. For example, Programmable Logic Device (PLD)(e.g. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)) is such an integratedcircuit that its logic functions are determined by a user throughprogramming the device. A designer can program to “integrate” a digitalsystem onto one piece of PLD, without asking a chip manufacturer todesign and manufacture a dedicated IC chip. At present, this type ofprogramming has mostly been implemented through “logic compiler”software, rather than manually manufacturing the IC chips. The logiccompiler software is similar to a software compiler used for programdevelopment and writing, while a particular programming language is usedfor writing source codes prior to compiling, which is referred to as aHardware Description Language (HDL). There is not just one, but manytypes of HDL, such as ABEL (Advanced Boolean Expression Language), AHDL(Altera Hardware Description Language), Confluence, CUPL (CornellUniversity Programming Language), HDCal, JHDL (Java Hardware DescriptionLanguage), Lava, Lola, MyHDL, PALASM, RHDL (Ruby Hardware DescriptionLanguage). The most commonly used HDL includes VHDL (Very-High-SpeedIntegrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) and Verilog. A personskilled in the art would have known obtaining a hardware circuit toimplement a logic method flow by using the above HDLs to perform somelogic programming on the method flow and program it into an IC.

A controller may be implemented in any proper manner. For example, acontroller may be in, for example, a form of a microprocessor orprocessor, as well as a computer readable medium that stores computerreadable program codes (e.g., software or firmware) capable of beingexecuted by the (micro)processor, a logic gate, a switch, an ApplicationSpecific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic controller andan embedded microcontroller. Examples of the controller include, but arenot limited to, the following microcontrollers: ARC 625D, Atmel AT91SAM,Microchip PIC18F26K20 and Silicone Labs C8051F320. A memory controllermay further be implemented as a part of a control logic of a memory. Aperson skilled in the art should also be aware that, in addition to thata controller is implemented in a manner of pure computer readableprogram codes, it is feasible to perform logic programming on steps of amethod to enable a controller to implement the same functions in a formof a logic gate, a switch, an ASIC, a programmable logic controller andan embedded microcontroller. Therefore, such a controller can be deemedas a hardware part, while devices comprised therein and configured tocarry out various functions may also be deemed as a structure inside thehardware part. Alternatively, devices configured to carry out variousfunctions may be deemed as both software modules to implement a methodand a structure inside a hardware part.

The system, apparatus, module, or unit described in the aboveembodiments may be implemented by a computer chip or entity orimplemented by a product having a function. A typical implementationdevice is a computer. For example, a computer may be, for example, apersonal computer, a laptop computer, a cellular phone, a camera phone,a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a medium player, anavigation device, an email apparatus, a game console, a tabletcomputer, a wearable device or a combination of any devices in thesedevices.

For convenience of description, the above apparatus is divided intovarious units according to functions for description. Functions of theunits may be implemented in one or multiple pieces of software and/orhardware when implementing the present disclosure.

A person skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments ofthe present disclosure may be provided as a method, a system, or acomputer program product. Therefore, the disclosed system may beimplemented as a complete hardware embodiment, a complete softwareembodiment, or an embodiment combing software and hardware forperforming the disclosed methods. Moreover, the disclosed system may bein the form of a computer program product implemented on one or morecomputer usable storage media (including, but not limited to, a magneticdisk memory, CD-ROM, an optical memory, and the like) comprisingcomputer usable program codes therein.

The disclosed system is described with reference to flowcharts and/orblock diagrams of the method, device (system) and computer programproduct according to the embodiments of the present disclosure. Itshould be understood that a computer program instruction may be used toimplement each process and/or block in the flowcharts and/or blockdiagrams and a combination of processes and/or blocks in the flowchartsand/or block diagrams. These computer program instructions may beprovided for a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, anembedded processor, or a processor of other programmable data processingdevices to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by acomputer or a processor of other programmable data processing devicesgenerate an apparatus for implementing a specified function in one ormore processes in the flowcharts and/or in one or more blocks in theblock diagrams.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computerreadable memory that can instruct a computer or other programmable dataprocessing devices to work in a particular manner, such that theinstructions stored in the computer readable memory generate amanufactured article that includes an instruction apparatus. Theinstruction apparatus implements one or more functions in one or moreprocesses in the flowcharts and/or in one or more blocks in the blockdiagrams.

These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computeror other programmable data processing devices, such that a series ofoperational steps are performed on the computer or other programmabledevices, thereby generating computer-implemented processing. Therefore,the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable devicesprovide steps for implementing one or more functions in one or moreprocesses in the flowcharts and/or in one or more blocks in the blockdiagrams.

In a typical configuration, the computation device includes one or moreCentral Processing Units (CPUs), input/output interfaces, networkinterfaces, and a memory.

The memory may include computer readable media, such as a volatilememory, a Random Access Memory (RAM), and/or a non-volatile memory,e.g., a Read-Only Memory (ROM) or a flash RAM. The memory is an exampleof a computer readable medium.

Computer readable media include permanent, volatile, mobile and immobilemedia, which can implement information storage through any method ortechnology. The information may be computer readable instructions, datastructures, program modules or other data. Examples of storage media ofcomputers include, but are not limited to, Phase-change RAMs (PRAMs),Static RAMs (SRAMs), Dynamic RAMs (DRAMs), other types of Random AccessMemories (RAMs), Read-Only Memories (ROMs), Electrically ErasableProgrammable Read-Only Memories (EEPROMs), flash memories or othermemory technologies, Compact Disk Read-Only Memories (CD-ROMs), DigitalVersatile Discs (DVDs) or other optical memories, cassettes, cassetteand disk memories or other magnetic memory devices or any othernon-transmission media, which can be used for storing informationaccessible to a computation device. According to the definitions herein,the computer readable media do not include transitory media, such asmodulated data signals and carriers.

It should be further noted that the terms of “including”, “comprising”or any other variants thereof intend to encompass a non-exclusiveinclusion, such that a process, method, commodity or device comprising aseries of elements not only comprises these elements, but also comprisesother elements that are not listed, or further comprises elements thatare inherent to the process, method, commodity or device. When there isno further restriction, elements defined by the statement “comprisingone . . . ” does not exclude additional similar elements in a process,method, commodity or device that comprises the defined elements.

A person skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments ofthe present disclosure may be provided as a method, a system, or acomputer program product. Therefore, the present disclosure may beimplemented as a complete hardware embodiment, a complete softwareembodiment, or an embodiment combing software and hardware. Moreover,the present disclosure may be in the form of a computer program productimplemented on one or more computer usable storage media (including, butnot limited to, a magnetic disk memory, CD-ROM, an optical memory, andthe like) including computer usable program codes.

The present disclosure may be described in a regular context of acomputer executable instruction that is executed by a computer, such asa program module. In various embodiments, the program module comprises aroutine, a program, an object, a component, a data structure, and thelike for executing a particular task or implementing a particularabstract data type. The present disclosure may also be practiced indistributed computing environments. In these distributed computingenvironments, remote processing devices connected via communicationnetworks carry out tasks. In the distributed computing environments, aprogram module can be located in local and remote computer storagemedia, including storage devices.

The embodiments in this description are described in a progressivemanner with each embodiment focusing on differences from otherembodiments, and the embodiments may be mutually referenced foridentical or similar parts thereof. For the system embodiment, thedescription thereof is relatively simple as it is substantially similarto the method embodiment. The description of the method embodiment maybe referenced for related parts thereof.

The embodiments of the present disclosure are merely exemplary, and arenot used to limit the present disclosure. To a person skilled in theart, the disclosed embodiments can be modified or changed in variousways. Any modification, equivalent substitution or improvement madewithin the spirit and principle of the present disclosure shall beencompassed by the claims of the present disclosure.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method for processing a transactionrequest, implementable by a first transaction node, the methodcomprising: acquiring transaction data of a target transaction that aplurality of transaction nodes participate in; determining a transactionabstract according to a data abstract that is generated based at leaston the transaction data and that is digitally signed by all transactionnodes that participate in the target transaction, including each of theplurality of transaction nodes, wherein the transaction data cannot beobtained reversely through the data abstract, and wherein the pluralityof transaction nodes comprise at least the first transaction node andone or more second transaction nodes; generating a transaction requestthat comprises the transaction abstract and does not comprise thetransaction data, the transaction abstract enabling consensusverification without the transaction data; and broadcasting, via ablockchain network, the transaction request to consensus nodes, causingthe consensus nodes to each save the transaction abstract in thetransaction request into a blockchain after the transaction abstractpasses the consensus verification, wherein the plurality of transactionnodes and the consensus nodes are blockchain nodes of the blockchainnetwork; and wherein, when the target transaction is initiated by thefirst transaction node, determining the transaction abstract comprises:generating, by the first transaction node, the data abstract accordingto the transaction data; sending the data abstract to the one or moresecond transaction nodes; acquiring the data abstract after the secondtransaction nodes each digitally sign the data abstract; and determiningthe transaction abstract according to the acquired digitally signed dataabstract.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, when the targettransaction is initiated by any of the one or more second transactionnodes, determining the transaction abstract comprises: receiving thedata abstract from the initiating second transaction node; verifying thedata abstract according to the transaction data; digitally signing, ifthe data abstract passes the verification, the data abstract to obtain afirst abstract; and upon receiving second abstracts obtained after thesecond transaction nodes each digitally sign the data abstract,determining the transaction abstract according to the first abstract andthe second abstracts.
 3. The method according to claim 1, furthercomprising: saving the transaction data into a private databasecorresponding to the first transaction node.
 4. The method according toclaim 3, wherein the target transaction is initiated by the firsttransaction node, and the method further comprising: sending thetransaction data to the one or more second transaction nodes, causingeach of the second transaction nodes to save the transaction data into aprivate database corresponding to the second transaction node.
 5. Anon-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructionsthat, when executed by a processor of a first transaction node, causethe processor to perform a method for processing a transaction request,the method comprising: acquiring transaction data of a targettransaction that a plurality of transaction nodes participate in;determining a transaction abstract according to a data abstract that isgenerated based at least on the transaction data and that is digitallysigned by all transaction nodes that participate in the targettransaction, including each of the plurality of transaction nodes,wherein the transaction data cannot be obtained reversely through thedata abstract, and wherein the plurality of transaction nodes compriseat least the first transaction node and one or more second transactionnodes; generating a transaction request that comprises the transactionabstract and does not comprise the transaction data, the transactionabstract enabling consensus verification without the transaction data;and broadcasting, via a blockchain network, the transaction request toconsensus nodes, causing the consensus nodes to each save thetransaction abstract in the transaction request into a blockchain afterthe transaction abstract passes the consensus verification, wherein theplurality of transaction nodes and the consensus nodes are blockchainnodes of the blockchain network; and wherein, when the targettransaction is initiated by the first transaction node, determining thetransaction abstract comprises: generating, by the first transactionnode, the data abstract according to the transaction data; sending thedata abstract to the one or more second transaction nodes; acquiring thedata abstract after the second transaction nodes each digitally sign thedata abstract; and determining the transaction abstract according to theacquired digitally signed data abstract.
 6. The non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium according to claim 5, wherein, when thetarget transaction is initiated by any of the one or more secondtransaction nodes, determining the transaction abstract comprises:receiving the data abstract from the initiating second transaction node;verifying the data abstract according to the transaction data; digitallysigning, if the data abstract passes the verification, the data abstractto obtain a first abstract; and upon receiving second abstracts obtainedafter the second transaction nodes each digitally sign the dataabstract, determining the transaction abstract according to the firstabstract and the second abstracts.
 7. The non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium according to claim 5, wherein themethod further comprises: saving the transaction data into a privatedatabase corresponding to the first transaction node.
 8. Thenon-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 7,wherein, when the target transaction is initiated by the firsttransaction node, the method further comprises: sending the transactiondata to the one or more second transaction nodes, causing each of thesecond transaction nodes to save the transaction data into a privatedatabase corresponding to the second transaction node.
 9. An apparatus,implementable as a first transaction node, comprising a processor and anon-transitory computer readable storage medium storing instructionsthat, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to perform amethod for processing a transaction request, the method comprising:acquiring transaction data of a target transaction that a plurality oftransaction nodes participate in; determining a transaction abstractaccording to a data abstract that is generated based at least on thetransaction data and that is digitally signed by all transaction nodesthat participate in the target transaction, including each of theplurality of transaction nodes, wherein the transaction data cannot beobtained reversely through the data abstract, and wherein the pluralityof transaction nodes comprise at least the first transaction node andone or more second transaction nodes; generating a transaction requestthat comprises the transaction abstract and does not comprise thetransaction data, the transaction abstract enabling consensusverification without the transaction data; and broadcasting, via ablockchain network, the transaction request to consensus nodes, causingthe consensus nodes to each save the transaction abstract in thetransaction request into a blockchain after the transaction abstractpasses the consensus verification, wherein the plurality of transactionnodes and the consensus nodes are blockchain nodes of the blockchainnetwork; and wherein, when the target transaction is initiated by thefirst transaction node, determining the transaction abstract comprises:generating, by the first transaction node, the data abstract accordingto the transaction data; sending the data abstract to the one or moresecond transaction nodes; acquiring the data abstract after the secondtransaction nodes each digitally sign the data abstract; and determiningthe transaction abstract according to the acquired digitally signed dataabstract.
 10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein, when thetarget transaction is initiated by any of the one or more secondtransaction nodes, determining the transaction abstract comprises:receiving the data abstract from the initiating second transaction node;verifying the data abstract according to the transaction data; digitallysigning, if the data abstract passes the verification, the data abstractto obtain a first abstract; and upon receiving second abstracts obtainedafter the second transaction nodes each digitally sign the dataabstract, determining the transaction abstract according to the firstabstract and the second abstracts.
 11. The apparatus according to claim9, wherein the method further comprises: saving the transaction datainto a private database corresponding to the first transaction node. 12.The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein, when the targettransaction is initiated by the first transaction node, the methodfurther comprises: sending the transaction data to the one or moresecond transaction nodes, causing each of the second transaction nodesto save the transaction data into a private database corresponding tothe second transaction node.
 13. A method for processing a transactionrequest, implementable by a first transaction node, the methodcomprising: acquiring transaction data of a target transaction that aplurality of transaction nodes participate in, the plurality oftransaction nodes comprising the first transaction node and one or moresecond transaction nodes; generating a data abstract based at least onthe transaction data, wherein the transaction data cannot be obtainedreversely through the data abstract; transmitting the data abstract tothe one or more second transaction nodes; acquiring the data abstractafter the second transaction nodes each digitally sign the dataabstract; determining the transaction abstract according to the acquireddigitally signed data abstract; generating a transaction requestcomprising the transaction abstract and not comprising the transactiondata, the transaction abstract enabling consensus verification withoutthe transaction data; and broadcasting, via a blockchain network, thetransaction request to consensus nodes, causing the consensus nodes toeach verify the transaction abstract in the transaction request, whereinthe plurality of transaction nodes and the consensus nodes areblockchain nodes of the blockchain network.
 14. The method of claim 13,wherein: the transaction data is not transmitted to the consensus nodesand not saved into a blockchain associated with the target transaction.15. The method of claim 13, wherein: the transaction data of the targettransaction comprises at least one of a subject matter of a transactionassociated with the target transaction, detailed information of thesubject matter, an account address of a subject that participates in thetarget transaction, or ID information of the subject that participatesin the target transaction.
 16. The method of claim 13, wherein:digitally signing the data abstract comprises digitally granting averification of the data abstract; and obtaining the transactionabstract comprises each of the first transaction node and the one ormore second transaction nodes digitally signing the data abstract in apreset order.
 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising: causingthe consensus nodes to each save the transaction abstract into ablockchain associated with the target transaction in response to all ofthe consensus nodes having verified the transaction abstract.